Conjunctivitis: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Conjunctivitis:

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is the thin, transparent layer of tissue that covers the white part of the eye and lines the inner surface of the eyelids. This condition can affect one or both eyes and is quite common.

Causes of Conjunctivitis:

1. Viral Conjunctivitis: It is often caused by the same viruses that cause common colds. It is highly contagious and spreads through coughing, sneezing, or touching infected surfaces and then touching the eyes.
2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Caused by bacteria, usually Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae. It can be spread through direct contact with infected individuals or by touching contaminated objects.
3. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or certain chemicals. It’s not contagious but can be seasonal or year-round depending on the allergen.
4. Chemical Conjunctivitis: Resulting from exposure to irritants like smoke, chlorine, or other chemicals.

Symptoms of Conjunctivitis

The symptoms of conjunctivitis, regardless of its cause (viral, bacterial, allergic, or chemical), may include:

1. Redness: The white part of the eye (sclera) becomes noticeably red or pink.
2. Eye Discharge: The eye may produce a watery or thick, sticky discharge that can crust overnight, especially in cases of viral or bacterial conjunctivitis.
3. Itching: The eyes may feel itchy, especially in cases of allergic conjunctivitis.
4. Burning Sensation: The eyes might feel irritated or as if they are burning.
5. Tearing: Increased tear production may occur, leading to watery eyes.
6. Swelling: The conjunctiva or eyelids may appear swollen.
7. Sensitivity to Light: Known as photophobia, people with conjunctivitis may experience discomfort or pain when exposed to bright light.
8. Foreign Body Sensation: It may feel as if there is something in the eye, causing irritation.
9. Blurry Vision: Vision may be temporarily affected due to the inflammation and discharge.
10. Crusting of Eyelids: In the morning, there may be crusts or sticky residue on the eyelids due to dried discharge.

It’s important to note that the specific symptoms and severity can vary depending on the cause of conjunctivitis. For instance, viral conjunctivitis often starts in one eye and can spread to the other, while bacterial conjunctivitis may produce thicker and more colored eye discharge. Allergic conjunctivitis may be associated with other allergic symptoms like sneezing and a runny nose.

If you experience symptoms of conjunctivitis, especially if they are persistent or severe, it’s essential to seek medical advice from an eye doctor for proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Some forms of conjunctivitis, such as bacterial conjunctivitis, can be highly contagious, so taking appropriate precautions is important to prevent its spread to others.

Treatment of Conjunctivitis:

The treatment of conjunctivitis depends on the underlying cause:

1. Viral Conjunctivitis: Since it is caused by a virus, antibiotics won’t work. Usually, it resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks. To alleviate discomfort, artificial tears or cold compresses can be used. If the condition is severe or persistent, antiviral medications might be prescribed.
2. Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are typically prescribed to treat bacterial conjunctivitis. It’s important to complete the full course of antibiotics as prescribed by the doctor.
3. Allergic Conjunctivitis: Avoiding allergens is crucial. Antihistamine eye drops or oral antihistamines can help relieve symptoms. In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe stronger medications.
4. Chemical Conjunctivitis: Irrigate the eye with clean water or saline solution immediately after exposure to the irritant. Seek medical attention promptly, especially if symptoms persist.

General tips for managing conjunctivitis:

• Wash your hands frequently, especially after touching your eyes or face.
• Avoid touching or rubbing your eyes to prevent the spread of infection.
• Do not share personal items like towels or makeup with others during the infection.
• Clean and disinfect contact lenses and their cases properly.
• If you wear contact lenses, switch to glasses until the condition clears up.

It’s important to consult an eye doctor for a proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan for conjunctivitis, as some forms of conjunctivitis can cause complications if left untreated.